数据库慢查询问题处理

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无用索引导致数据库慢查询问题处理

问题排查

  • 新接手的一个网站CPU跑满了,通过top发现是mysql异常,show processlist查看发现是大量的慢SQL到账的SELECT COUNT(*) FROM idmaps WHERE typeid=8 AND keyid=1085287221 AND showtype=0 , 查下表数据千万量级,ibd文件20几个G,数据不小呀,盘它
  • 垃圾代码害死人啊,分析下问题,顺便填坑
  • 检查表中索引show create table idmaps;
CREATE TABLE `idmaps` (
  `typeid` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `keyid` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `myid` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `showtype` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `exttype` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `sortnum` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  PRIMARY KEY (`typeid`,`myid`,`keyid`),
  KEY `idx_list` (`typeid`,`keyid`,`showtype`,`sortnum`),
  KEY `idx_list2` (`typeid`,`keyid`,`showtype`,`exttype`,`sortnum`) USING BTREE,
  KEY `idx_ids` (`typeid`,`keyid`),
  KEY `typeid` (`typeid`),
  KEY `keyid` (`keyid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |
  • 检查索引explain SELECT COUNT(*) FROM idmaps WHERE typeid=8 AND keyid=275787765 AND showtype=0;
    +----+-------------+--------+------+-------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table  | type | possible_keys                                   | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra       |
+----+-------------+--------+------+-------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | idmaps | ref  | PRIMARY,idx_list,idx_list2,idx_ids,typeid,keyid | PRIMARY | 1       | const |    1 | Using where |
+----+-------------+--------+------+-------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
  • 莫名其妙的PRIMARY KEY,执行时间20s+, 访问量起来后,基本直接卡死
mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM idmaps WHERE typeid=8  AND keyid=275787765 AND showtype=0;
+----------+
| COUNT(*) |
+----------+
|        2 |
+----------+
1 row in set (21.80 sec)
  • 强制指定索引force index
mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM idmaps force index(idx_ids)  WHERE typeid=8  AND keyid=275785755 AND showtype=0;
+----------+
| COUNT(*) |
+----------+
|        0 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  • 再强制指定索引
mysql> explain SELECT COUNT(*) FROM idmaps force index(idx_list) WHERE typeid=8  AND keyid=275787765 AND showtype=0;
+----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------------------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table  | type | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref               | rows | Extra       |
+----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------------------+------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | idmaps | ref  | idx_list      | idx_list | 6       | const,const,const |    2 | Using index |
+----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------------------+------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  • 再来
mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM idmaps force index(keyid)  WHERE typeid=8  AND keyid=275785755 AND showtype=0;
+----------+
| COUNT(*) |
+----------+
|        0 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

分析过程

  • 导致此问题的原因明显是索引不当,结合数据库实际读写情况,检查SQL统计,PRIMARY KEY基本无用,尝试调整索引解决

处理结果

  • 经尝试,最简单办法直接删除alter table idmaps drop PRIMARY KEY;。 成功解决此慢查询问题,且不影响其它SQL预计。
none
最后修改于:2021年05月17日 00:26

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